Therapeutic Classification: central nervous system stimulants
Complementary/Alternative Medicine: This monograph describes a natural or herbal product that is not subject to FDA guidelines for medicines. Patients and clinicians are advised to read package labels carefully to ensure safe and efficacious use.
REMS
- Bladder, esophageal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer risk reduction, mental alertness, hypotension, cervical dysplasia associated with human papillomavirus infection, hyperlipidemia, weight loss, protection of the skin from sun damage, genital warts, dental caries, Parkinson's disease
Absorption: Unknown.
Distribution: Unknown.
Metabolism/Excretion: Unknown.
Half-life: Unknown.
CV: arrhythmia, tachycardia.
CNS: agitation, dizziness, excitement, insomnia, tremors.
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain.
F and E: hypokalemia.
Endo: hyperglycemia.
Hemat: prolonged bleeding time.
Natural-Drug Products:
- Green tea may ↓ effects of adenosine.
- ↑ risk of bleeding with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.
- ↑ effects of CNS stimulants.
- May impair glucose control from antidiabetic agents.
- Abrupt withdrawal can ↑ lithium levels.
- May ↓ dipyridamole—induced vasodilation.
- Verapamil can ↑ caffeine concentrations by 25%.
- Additive effects with methylxanthines.
Natural-Natural Products:
- ↑ risk of adverse cardiovascular effects with bitter orange.
- ↑ risk of hepatotoxicity with hepatotoxic herbs or supplements.
- ↑ risk of seizures, hypertension, or stroke with ephedra and creatine.