Therapeutic Classification: antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics, skeletal muscle relaxants (centrally acting)
Pharmacologic Classification: benzodiazepines
BEERS REMS
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. Absorption from IM sites may be slow and unpredictable. Well absorbed from rectal mucosa (90%) and nasal mucosa (97%). IV administration results in complete bioavailability.
Distribution: Widely distributed. Crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Half-Life: Neonates: 5095 hr; Infants (1 mo2 yr): 4050 hr; Children 212 yr: 1521 hr; Children 1216 yr: 1820 hr; Adults: 2050 hr (up to 100 hr for metabolites).
(sedation)
ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
---|---|---|---|
PO | 3060 min | 12 hr | up to 24 hr |
IM | within 20 min | 0.51.5 hr | unknown |
IV | 15 min | 1530 min | 1560 min‡ |
Rectal | 210 min | 12 hr | 412 hr |
‡In status epilepticus, anticonvulsant duration is 1520 min.
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
CV: hypotension (IV only)
Derm: rash
EENT: ↑intraocular pressure, blurred vision, epistaxis (nasal spray only), nasal congestion (nasal spray only), nasal discomfort (nasal spray only)
GI: constipation, diarrhea (may be caused by propylene glycol content in oral solution), nausea, vomiting
Local: pain (IM), phlebitis (IV)
Neuro: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, depression, dysgeusia (nasal spray only), hangover, headache, paradoxical excitation, slurred speech
Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Misc: physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance
Drug-drug:
Drug-Natural Products:
Anxiety
Pre-Endoscopy
Pediatric Conscious Sedation for Procedures
Status Epilepticus/Acute Seizure Activity
Febrile Seizure Prophylaxis
Skeletal Muscle Relaxation
Alcohol Withdrawal
Lab Test Considerations:
Toxicity and Overdose:
IV Administration:
NDC Code