High Alert
Absorption: Variably absorbed (about 30%) following oral administration. More reliably absorbed from rectal, SUBQ, and IM sites. Following epidural administration, systemic absorption and absorption into the intrathecal space via the meninges occurs.
Distribution: Widely distributed to tissues.
Half-Life: Premature neonates: 1020 hr; Neonates: 7.6 hr; Infants 13 mo: 6.2 hr; Children 6 mo2.5 yr: 2.9 hr; Children 36 yr: 12 hr; Children 619 yr with sickle cell disease: 1.3 hr; Adults: 24 hr.
(analgesia)
| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION | 
|---|---|---|---|
| PO | unknown | 60 min | 45 hr | 
| PO-ER | unknown | 34 hr | 824 hr | 
| IM | 1030 min | 3060 min | 45 hr | 
| SUBQ | 20 min | 5090 min | 45 hr | 
| Rect | unknown | 2060 min | 37 hr | 
| IV | rapid | 20 min | 45 hr | 
| Epidural | 630 min | 1 hr | up to 24 hr | 
| IT | rapid (min) | unknown | up to 24 hr | 
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
CV: hypotension, bradycardia
Derm: flushing, itching, sweating
EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis
Endo: adrenal insufficiency
GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting
Neuro: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams
Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (INCLUDING CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND SLEEP-RELATED HYPOXEMIA)
Misc: allodynia, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance
Drug-drug:
Drug-Natural Products:

Lab Test Considerations:
Toxicity and Overdose:
IV Administration:
NDC Code