Therapeutic Classification: antiretrovirals
Pharmacologic Classification: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Lamivudine
Absorption: Well absorbed after oral administration (86% in adults, 66% in infants and children).
Distribution: Distributes into the extravascular space; some penetration into CSF.
Metabolism/Excretion: Mostly excreted unchanged in urine; <5% metabolized by the liver.
Half-life: 57 hr.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Absorption: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a prodrug, which is split into tenofovir, the active component; absorption enhanced by food.
Distribution: Distributes into the extravascular space.
Metabolism/Excretion: 7080% excreted unchanged in urine by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion.
Half-life: 17 hr.
(plasma concentrations)
ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
---|---|---|---|
lamivudine (PO) | unknown | 0.9 hr | 12 hr |
tenofovir (PO) | unknown | 2 hr | 24 hr |
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
Exercise Extreme Caution in:
Derm: rash, urticaria.
F and E: LACTIC ACIDOSIS.
GI: diarrhea, ↑ liver enzymes, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, HEPATOMEGALY WITH STEATOSIS, nausea, PANCREATITIS (↑ IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS), vomiting.
GU: ACUTE RENAL FAILURE/FANCONI SYNDROME, hematuria.
Hemat: neutropenia.
Metab: ↑creatine kinase, hypercholesterolemia, fat redistribution.
MS: ↓bone mineral density, arthralgia, muscle weakness, myalgia, osteomalacia.
Neuro: depression, headache, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy.
Misc: , , fever, immune reconstitution syndrome.
Drug-Drug:
NDC Code*