pentoxifylline

Therapeutic Classification: blood viscosity reducing agent

REMS

Management of symptomatic peripheral vascular disease (intermittent claudication).

Increases the flexibility of RBCs by increasing levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
Decreases blood viscosity by inhibiting platelet aggregation and decreasing fibrinogen.

Therapeutic effects:

Increased blood flow.

Absorption: Well absorbed following oral administration; food ↑ absorption.

Distribution: Bound to RBC membrane. Enters breast milk.

Metabolism/Excretion: Metabolized by RBCs and the liver.

Half-Life: 25–50 min.

(improvement in blood flow)

ROUTE	ONSET	PEAK	DURATION
PO	2–4 wk	8 wk	8 hr

Contraindicated in:

Hypersensitivity;
Intolerance to other xanthine derivatives (caffeine and theophylline).

Use Cautiously in:

Coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease;
Renal impairment (dose ↓ may be needed);
Mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment
Geri: risk of adverse reactions;
OB: Safety not established.

CV: angina, arrhythmias, edema, flushing, hypotension

EENT: blurred vision

GI: abdominal discomfort, belching, bloating, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatus, nausea, vomiting

Neuro: agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, nervousness, tremor

Resp: dyspnea

Misc: ANAPHYLAXIS

Drug-drug:

Additive hypotension may occur with nitrates.
May ↑ the risk of bleeding with warfarin, heparin, aspirin, NSAIDs, cefotetan, valproic acid, clopidogrel, eptifibatide, tirofiban, or thrombolytic agents.
May ↑ the risk of theophylline toxicity.
Smoking may ↓ the effects.
Strong CYP1A2 inhibitors, including ciprofloxacin and fluvoxamine may ↑ levels
Cimetidine may ↑ levels.

Drug-Natural Products:

↑bleeding risk with anise, arnica, asafoetida, chamomile, clove, dong quai, fenugreek, feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, Panax ginseng, licorice.

PO (Adults ): 400 mg 3 times daily; if GI or CNS side effects occur, ↓ dose to 400 mg twice daily.

Renal Impairment

PO (Adults ): CCr <30 mL/min: 400 mg once daily.

(Generic available)

Extended-release tablets: 400 mg

Assess patient for intermittent claudication prior to and periodically throughout therapy.
Monitor BP periodically in patients on concurrent antihypertensive therapy.
Monitor for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (wheezing, peri-oral or lingual edema, hemodynamic instability, rash, urticaria) during therapy.

PO: Administer with meals to minimize GI irritation. DNC: Swallowed whole; do not crush, break, or chew.
- If GI and CNS side effects occur, decrease dose to twice daily. Discontinue if side effects persist.

Instruct patient to take medication as directed. Take missed doses as soon as remembered unless almost time for next dose. Consult health care professional before discontinuing medication, because several wk of therapy may be required before effects are seen.
May cause dizziness and blurred vision. Caution patient to avoid driving and other activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known.
Advise patient to avoid smoking, because nicotine constricts blood vessels.
Instruct patient to notify health care professional if nausea, vomiting, GI upset, drowsiness, dizziness, or headache persists.
Rep: Advise females of reproductive potential to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected and to avoid breastfeeding during therapy.

Relief from cramping in calf muscles, buttocks, thighs, and feet during exercise.
- Improvement in walking endurance. Therapeutic effects may be seen in 2–4 wk, but therapy should be continued for ≥8 wk.

NDC Code

0615- NCS HealthCare of KY, Inc dba Vangard Labs
- 0615-8305- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 0615-8305-39- 30 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BLISTER PACK (0615-8305-39)

0904- Major Pharmaceuticals
- 0904-5448- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 0904-5448-61- 100 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (0904-5448-61) > 1 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BLISTER PACK

33261- Aidarex Pharmaceuticals LLC
- 33261-992- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 33261-992-30- 30 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (33261-992-30)

33261- Aidarex Pharmaceuticals LLC
- 33261-992- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 33261-992-90- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (33261-992-90)

43353- Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC
- 43353-123- Pentoxifylline
  - 43353-123-92- 270 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (43353-123-92)

60429- Golden State Medical Supply, Inc.
- 60429-703- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 60429-703-05- 500 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (60429-703-05)

60505- Apotex Corp.
- 60505-0033- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 60505-0033-6- 100 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (60505-0033-6)

60505- Apotex Corp.
- 60505-0033- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 60505-0033-7- 500 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (60505-0033-7)

60505- Apotex Corp.
- 60505-0033- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 60505-0033-8- 5500 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (60505-0033-8)

60505- Apotex Corp.
- 60505-0033- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 60505-0033-9- 1000 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (60505-0033-9)

63629- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- 63629-2910- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 63629-2910-1- 30 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (63629-2910-1)

63629- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- 63629-2910- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 63629-2910-2- 60 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (63629-2910-2)

63629- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- 63629-2910- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 63629-2910-3- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (63629-2910-3)

66267- NuCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 66267-710- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 66267-710-30- 30 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (66267-710-30)

66267- NuCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 66267-710- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 66267-710-60- 60 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (66267-710-60)

66267- NuCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 66267-710- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 66267-710-90- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (66267-710-90)

67544- Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC
- 67544-252- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 67544-252-60- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (67544-252-60)

67544- Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC
- 67544-252- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 67544-252-92- 270 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (67544-252-92)

68071- NuCare Pharmaceuticals,Inc.
- 68071-4532- Pentoxifylline
  - 68071-4532-9- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (68071-4532-9)

68682- Oceanside Pharmaceuticals
- 68682-101- Pentoxifylline
  - 68682-101-10- 100 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (68682-101-10)

68682- Oceanside Pharmaceuticals
- 68682-101- Pentoxifylline
  - 68682-101-50- 500 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (68682-101-50)

70518- REMEDYREPACK INC.
- 70518-1285- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 70518-1285-0- 180 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (70518-1285-0)

72189- Direct_Rx
- 72189-025- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 72189-025-30- 30 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (72189-025-30)

72189- Direct_Rx
- 72189-025- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 72189-025-60- 60 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (72189-025-60)

72189- Direct_Rx
- 72189-025- PENTOXIFYLLINE
  - 72189-025-90- 90 TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE in 1 BOTTLE (72189-025-90)

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Pronunciation ⬇

Classifications ⬆ ⬇

Indications ⬆ ⬇

Action ⬆ ⬇

Pharmacokinetics ⬆ ⬇

Time/Action Profile ⬆ ⬇

Contraind./Precautions ⬆ ⬇

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects ⬆ ⬇

Interactions ⬆ ⬇

Route/Dosage ⬆ ⬇

Availability ⬆ ⬇

Assessment ⬆ ⬇

Implementation ⬆ ⬇

Patient/Family Teaching ⬆ ⬇

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes ⬆ ⬇

US Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

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