section name header

Pronunciation ⬇

toe-bra-MYE-sin

Classifications ⬆ ⬇

Therapeutic Classification: anti-infectives

Pharmacologic Classification: aminoglycosides

Indications ⬆ ⬇

REMS


Action ⬆ ⬇

  • Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria at level of 30S ribosome.
Therapeutic effects:
  • Bactericidal action.

Spectrum:

Pharmacokinetics ⬆ ⬇

Absorption: Well absorbed after IM administration. IV administration results in complete bioavailability. Low absorption follows administration by inhalation.

Distribution: Widely distributed throughout extracellular fluid; crosses the placenta; small amounts enter breast milk. Poor penetration into CSF.

Metabolism/Excretion: Excretion is >90% renal.

Half-Life: Neonates: 2–11 hr; Infants: 3–5 hr; Children: 1–3 hr; Adolescents: 0.5–2.5 hr; Adults: 2–4 hr (↑ in renal impairment to 5–70 hr).

Time/Action Profile ⬆ ⬇

(blood levels‡)
ROUTEONSETPEAKDURATION
IMrapid30–90 min6–24 hr
IVrapidend of infusion‡6–24 hr

‡All parenterally administered aminoglycosides.

‡Postdistribution peak occurs 30 min after the end of a 30-min infusion and 15 min after the end of a 1-hr infusion.

Contraind./Precautions ⬆ ⬇

Contraindicated in:

Use Cautiously in:

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects ⬆ ⬇

EENT: ototoxicity (vestibular and cochlear), Inhalation onlytinnitus, voice alteration

GI: CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (CDAD)

GU: nephrotoxicity

F and E: hypomagnesemia

MS: muscle paralysis (high parenteral doses)

Resp: Inhalation onlybronchospasm, wheezing

Misc: hypersensitivity reactions

Interactions ⬆ ⬇

Drug-drug:

Route/Dosage ⬆ ⬇

Renal Impairment

Availability ⬆ ⬇

(Generic available)

Assessment ⬆ ⬇

Lab Test Considerations:

Toxicity and Overdose:

Implementation ⬆ ⬇

IV Administration:

Patient/Family Teaching ⬆ ⬇

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes ⬆ ⬇

US Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

Bethkis, Kitabis Pak, TOBI, TOBI Podhaler

Pot. Nursing Diagnoses ⬆ ⬇

Code ⬆

NDC Code