section name header

Pronunciation

byoo-pre-NOR-feen/na-LOX-one

Classifications

Therapeutic Classification: opioid addiction agents

Pharmacologic Classification: opioid agonists antagonists, opioid antagonists

Indications

High Alert


Action

  • Buprenorphine: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS.
  • Naloxone: has no pharmacological effect; it is present in the formulation to discourage injection of the product by opioid-dependent patients.
Therapeutic effects:
  • Suppression of withdrawal symptoms during detoxification and maintenance from opioids.

Pharmacokinetics

Buprenorphine

Absorption: Well absorbed following SL administration

Distribution: CNS concentration is 15–25% of plasma.

Protein Binding: 96%.

Metabolism/Excretion: Primarily metabolized by the liver via the CYP3A4 isoenzyme (one metabolite is active). 70% excreted in feces; 27% excreted in urine.

Half-Life: 33 hr.

Naloxone

Absorption: Negligible absorption follows SL administration.

Distribution: Unknown.

Metabolism/Excretion: Negligible.

Half-Life: Negligible.

Time/Action Profile

ROUTEONSETPEAKDURATION
SLUnknown1.5–1.7 hr24 hr

Blood level.

Contraind./Precautions

Contraindicated in:

Use Cautiously in:

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects

CV: QT interval prolongation, orthostatic hypotension

Derm: sweating

Endo: ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

F and E: peripheral edema

GI: constipation, nausea, oral hypoesthesia, oral mucosal erythema, vomiting, glossodynia, hepatitis

Neuro: headache, insomnia

Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (INCLUDING CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND SLEEP-RELATED HYPOXEMIA)

Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS (INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS), , physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance, withdrawal phenomenon

Interactions

Drug-drug:

Drug-Natural Products:

Route/Dosage

Induction

Maintenance

Availability

(Generic available)

Assessment

Lab Test Considerations:

Implementation

Patient/Family Teaching

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes

US Brand Names

Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv

Contr. Subst. Schedule

Schedule III (C-III)

Code

NDC Code