Antenatal fetal surveillance is performed using various modalities that allow care providers to closely monitor fetuses at risk for deterioration of well-being. The majority of surveillance tests detect signs of fetal compromise related to uteroplacental insufficiency in order to circumvent fetal hypoxemia, acidemia, and death. Performed serially at regular intervals, antenatal fetal testing is used to assess ongoing fetal well-being, guide antenatal management, and determine possible need for imminent delivery or other acute obstetric management. It is therefore important that providers of obstetrical care be well versed in the different modalities of fetal testing, including their limitations and implications.