section name header

Table 2-3

Fetal Heart Tracing Interpretation, Categories, and Criteriaa

CategoryDescription
Category IAll of the following:
  • Baseline rate: 110-160 beats/min

  • Baseline FHR variability: moderate

  • Late or variable decelerations: absent

  • Early decelerations: present or absent

  • Accelerations: present or absent

Category IIAll FHR tracings not categorized as category I or category III. Category II tracings may represent an appreciable fraction of those encountered in clinical care. Examples of category II FHR tracings include any of the following:
  • Baseline rate

    • Bradycardia not accompanied by absent baseline variability

    • Tachycardia

  • Baseline FHR variability

    • Minimal baseline variability

    • Absent baseline variability with no recurrent decelerations

    • Marked baseline variability

  • Accelerations

    • Absence of induced accelerations after fetal stimulation

    • Periodic or episodic decelerations

    • Recurrent variable decelerations accompanied by minimal or moderate baseline variability

    • Prolonged deceleration more than 2 min but less than 10 min

    • Recurrent late decelerations with moderate baseline variabilityVariable decelerations with other characteristics such as slow return to baseline, overshoots, or “shoulders”

Category III
  • Either

    • Absent baseline FHR variability and any of the following:

      • Recurrent late decelerations

      • Recurrent variable decelerations

      • Bradycardia

  • Or

    • Sinusoidal pattern

Abbreviation: FHR, fetal heart rate.


aReprinted with permission from MaconesGA, HankinsGD, SpongCY, et al. The 2008 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring: update on definitions, interpretation, and research guidelines. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(3):661-666. Copyright © 2008 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.