% CI | percentage confidence interval |
ADHD | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
AMPA | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid |
APA | American Psychiatric Association |
BDD | body dysmorphic disorder |
BIND | benzodiazepine-induced neurological dysfunction |
BNF | British National Formulary |
BZD | benzodiazepine |
BzRAs | benzodiazepine receptor agonists |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
CANMAT | Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments |
CBT | cognitive behavioural therapy |
CBT-I | cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia |
CFS | chronic fatigue syndrome |
CNS | central nervous system |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CR | controlled release |
CSM | Committee on the Safety of Medicines |
DAT | dopamine transporter |
DAWSS | Discriminatory Antidepressant Withdrawal Symptom Scale |
DESS | discontinuation-emergent signs and symptoms |
DSM-III-R | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd revised edition |
DSM-V | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th revised edition |
EMA | European Medicines Agency |
EMPOWER | Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of End Results |
ER | extended release |
FDA | US Food and Drugs Administration |
FND | functional neurological disorder |
GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid |
GABAA | gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor |
GAD | generalised anxiety disorder |
GMC | General Medical Council |
GP | general practitioner |
HAM-A | Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale |
HAM-D | Hamilton Depression Rating Scale |
HPA | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
ICD-10-CM | The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification |
IR | immediate-release |
LGIB | lower gastrointestinal bleeds |
MADRS | Montgomery-&angstsberg Depression Rating Scale |
MAO | monoamine oxidase |
MAOI | monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
MB-CT | mindfulness based cognitive therapy |
MDD | major depressive disorder |
MDMA | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine |
MHRA | Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency |
MMSE | Mini Mental State Examination |
MUS | medically unexplained symptoms |
NaSSAs | noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants |
NET | noradrenaline transporter |
NEWT | North East Wales NHS Trust |
NGO | non-governmental organisation |
NHS | National Health Service |
NICE | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
NIDA | National Institute on Drug Abuse |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
NNT | number needed to treat |
NPS | National Prescribing Service |
OCD | obsessive compulsive disorder |
ODV | O-desmethylvenlafaxine |
ONS | Office of National Statistics |
OR | odds ratio |
PAWS | post-acute withdrawal syndrome |
PD | panic disorder |
PET | positron-emission tomography |
PIL | patient information leaflet |
PPWS | persistent post-withdrawal syndrome |
PSSD | post-SSRI sexual dysfunction |
PTSD | post-traumatic stress disorder |
PWS | persistent withdrawal symptoms |
RCPsych | Royal College of Psychiatrists |
RCT | randomised controlled trial |
RIMA | reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A |
RLS | restless leg syndrome |
RO | receptor occupancy |
RPS | Royal Pharmaceutical Society |
SAD | social anxiety disorder |
SARI | serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors |
SERT | serotonin transporter |
SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
SMD | standardised mean difference |
SmPC | summary of product characteristics |
SNRI | serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
SR | sustained-release |
SSRI | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
STOPP | Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions |
TCAs | tricyclic antidepressants |
TI | The Therapeutics Initiative |
TIA | transient ischaemic attack |
UGIB | upper gastrointestinal bleeds |
WHO | World Health Organization |
XR or XL | extended-release |
Z-drugs | nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics |