Incidence and severity of adverse reactions and side effects are increased with IV use
CV: PO: CARDIAC TAMPONADE (WITH HIGH-DOSE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE).
IV: chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia, thrombosis, arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, cardiomegaly, ECG changes, edema, heart block, HF, hypertension, pericardial effusion, ventricular extrasystoles.
Derm: PO: itching, rash, acne, alopecia, erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, hyperpigmentation.
EENT: PO: cataracts.
IV: epistaxis, pharyngitis, ear disorders.
Endo: PO and IV: hyperuricemia.
IV: hyperglycemia.
PO: sterility, gynecomastia.
F and E: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia.
GI: PO: drug-induced hepatitis, nausea, vomiting.
IV: abdominal enlargement, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, hematemesis, nausea, rectal discomfort, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (↑ in allogenic transplantation), hepatomegaly, pancreatitis, stomatitis.
GU: oliguria, dysuria, hematuria, ↓ fertility.
Hemat: BONE MARROW DEPRESSION.
Local: inflammation/pain at injection site.
MS: arthralgia, myalgia, back pain.
Neuro: IV: anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, headache, weakness., CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE/COMA, encephalopathy, mental status changes, SEIZURES.
Resp: PO: PULMONARY FIBROSIS.
IV: alveolar hemorrhage, asthma, atelectasis, cough, hemoptysis, hypoxia, pleural effusion, pneumonia, rhinitis, sinusitis.
Misc: allergic reactions, chills, fever, infection.
Therapeutic Classification: antineoplastics
Pharmacologic Classification: alkylating agents
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration. IV administration results in complete bioavailability.
Distribution: Unknown.
Metabolism/Excretion: Extensively metabolized by the liver.
Half-life: 2.5 hr.
(effect on blood counts)
†Complete recovery may take up to 20 mo.
‡After administration of last dose.
