Contraindicated in:
- Hyperlipidemias
- Lipoid nephrosis
- Pancreatitis accompanied by lipemia
- Hypersensitivity to egg products (emulsifier is egg yolk phospholipid), legumes, soybeans, or fat emulsions.
Use Cautiously in:
- Thromboembolic disorders
- Severe liver or pulmonary disease
- Anemia or bleeding disorders
- Patients who are at risk for fat embolism.
Exercise Extreme Caution in:
- Preterm infants (↓ ability to clear fat emulsion).
Seen only with long-term use.†
CV: chest pain.
Resp: INTRAVASCULAR FAT ACCUMULATION(PRETERM INFANTS ONLY).
GI: hepatomegaly†, jaundice†, nausea, pancreatitis, vomiting.
Local: phlebitis at IV site.
Endo: hypertriglyceridemia.
Misc: fever, infection, chills, hypersensitivity reactions.
Total Parenteral Nutrition
- IV (Adults): Initial dose: 1 g/kg/day, increase by 0.5–1 g/kg/day to a maximum of 2.5 g/kg/day.
- IV (Children
1 mo): Initial dose: 0.5–1 g/kg/day, increase by 0.5 g/kg/day to amaximum of 3 g /kg/day. - IV (Neonates premature): Initial dose: 0.25–0.5 g/kg/day, increase by 0.25–0.5 g/kg/day to a maximum of 3 g/kg/day.
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
- IV (Adults and Children): Provide 8–10% of caloric intake as fat, infuse once or twice weekly.
Therapeutic Classification: caloric sources
Absorption: IV administration results in complete bioavailability.
Distribution: Distributes into intravascular space.
Metabolism/Excretion: Cleared by conversion to triglycerides, then to free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase. Free fatty acids are transported to tissues, where they may be oxidized as an energy source or re-stored as triglycerides.
Half-life: 30–60 min.
