High Alert
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
CV: hypotension, bradycardia
Derm: flushing, itching, sweating
EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis
Endo: adrenal insufficiency
GI: constipation, nausea, vomiting
Neuro: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams
Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (INCLUDING CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND SLEEP-RELATED HYPOXEMIA)
Misc: allodynia, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance
Drug-drug:
Drug-Natural Products:
Absorption: Variably absorbed (about 30%) following oral administration. More reliably absorbed from rectal, SUBQ, and IM sites. Following epidural administration, systemic absorption and absorption into the intrathecal space via the meninges occurs.
Distribution: Widely distributed to tissues.
Half-Life: Premature neonates: 10–20 hr; Neonates: 7.6 hr; Infants 1–3 mo: 6.2 hr; Children 6 mo–2.5 yr: 2.9 hr; Children 3–6 yr: 1–2 hr; Children 6–19 yr with sickle cell disease: 1.3 hr; Adults: 2–4 hr.
(analgesia)
ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
---|---|---|---|
PO | unknown | 60 min | 4–5 hr |
PO-ER | unknown | 3–4 hr | 8–24 hr |
IM | 10–30 min | 30–60 min | 4–5 hr |
SUBQ | 20 min | 50–90 min | 4–5 hr |
Rect | unknown | 20–60 min | 3–7 hr |
IV | rapid | 20 min | 4–5 hr |
Epidural | 6–30 min | 1 hr | up to 24 hr |
IT | rapid (min) | unknown | up to 24 hr |
NDC Code