In addition to the standard ASA monitors, the patient should have a radial artery (pre-induction) and a PA catheter (typically post-induction). Following induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, a TEE probe is usually inserted to confirm the valvular pathology and to assess ventricular function. Following valve replacement, the TEE probe can be used to check for adequacy of valvular function and absence of paravalvular leaks, and to assess post-bypass ventricular function.

References

• American Society of Anesthesiologists and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. Anesthesiology. 2010;112:1084-1096.
• Nicoara A, Skubas N, Ad N, et al. Guidelines for the use of transesophageal echocardiography to assist with surgical decision-making in the operating room: a surgery-based approach: from the American Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33:692-734.