A.13. What are the four types of shock?

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Questions

A.13. What are the four types of shock?
Answer:

Shock is classified according to its cause:

Hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock: characterized by a loss of circulatory blood and plasma volumes
Cardiogenic shock: characterized by an inability of the myocardium to pump blood
Distributive (neurogenic, septic) shock: characterized by reduced systemic vascular resistance
Obstructive: characterized by impairment in cardiac function due to direct cardiac compression or decreased venous return

References

Reynolds BR, Watson GA. Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. In: Tisherman SA, Forsythe RM, eds. Trauma Intensive Care. Oxford University Press; 2013:63-72.
Smith SG, Schreiber MA. Shock, electrolytes, and fluid. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2021:44-94.