The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends human milk as the sole feeding for healthy, term infants for about the first 6 months after birth and supports continued breastfeeding through the first 2 years after birth and beyond.1 The AAP also recommends human milk as the preferred source of enteral nutrition for the preterm infant.2 Human milk offers specific advantages, and lack of access is associated with disadvantages.3 This chapter discusses the recent epidemiology of breastfeeding, composition of human milk, duration of breastfeeding, contraindications to breastfeeding, and how to support breastfeeding.