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Modern perianesthesia nursing care may involve adult and pediatric phase I and phase II patients, extended-care patients, and preoperative patients. Areas of the hospital in which care is provided are often blended units encompassing preoperative and postoperative areas. Therefore, the perianesthesia management team and the overriding institutional organization must be nimble and able to adapt to the rapidly changing clinical environments that characterize perianesthesia care.

1.What is the origin of the postanesthesia care unit?

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2.How are PACUs organized within a facility?

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3.How many PACU beds are needed?

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4.What is the recommended PACU management structure?

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5.What are the other important leadership roles?

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6.What is the role of a charge nurse?

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7.How many charge nurses are needed?

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8.Should the charge nurse group be limited in size?

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9.What are the ASPAN standards for staffing ratios in the PACU?

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10.How do PACU nurses provide safe and competent care to anesthetized patients during the off-hours?

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11.How do PACUs staff for overnight patients?

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12.How do PACUs deal with delays in patients being admitted from the OR?

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13.What does it mean to “flex” staff?

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14.How do PACUs ensure an adequate skill mix of nurses for all shifts?

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15.Are perioperative assistants needed in the PACU?

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16.How do PACUs ensure competent nursing staff?

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17.What does Magnet designation mean and why does it matter?

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18.What are the components of Magnet recognition?

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19.How can the administrative team support the Magnet designation quest or sustain it?

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20.What is the difference between CPAN and CAPA certification?

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21.Who is eligible for CPAN and CAPA certification?

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22.Why should management support specialty certification?

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23.How can the management support specialty certification?

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24.How can management impact patient satisfaction?

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25.What is Outpatient Ambulatory Surgery CAHPS (OAS-CAHPS)?

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References

Allen , A. , & Badgwell , J. M. (1996). The post anesthesia care unit: Unique contribution, unique risk. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 11(4), 248-258.

Altman , M. (2011). Let’s get certified: best practices for nurse leaders to create a culture of certification. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 22(1), 68-75.

American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification. (2016). Determining Which Exam to Take. Retrieved from http://cpancapa.org/certification/eligibility/determining-which-examination-to-take/

American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2016). Magnet Program Overview. Retrieved from www.nursecredentialing.org/Magnet/ProgramOverview

American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2012). 2012 Operating Room Design Manual. Retrieved from www.asahq.org/resources/resources-from-asa-committees/operating-room-design-manual

American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. (2012). A Competency-Based Orientation and Credentialing Program for the Unlicensed Assistive Personnel in the Perianesthesia Setting: 2012 Edition. Retrieved from www.aspan.org/Clinical-Practice/Competency-Based-Orientation-UAP

American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. (2015). 2015-2017 Perianesthesia Nursing Standards, Practice Recommendations and Interpretive Statements, 34-38. Retrieved from www.aspan.org/Clinical- Practice/Patient-Classification-Staffing

American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. (2016). ASPAN History. Retrieved from www.aspan.org/AboutUs/History/tabid/3146/Default.aspx

Barone , C. P. , Pablo , C. S. , & Barone , G. W. (2003). A history of the PACU. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 18(4), 237-241.

Burns , B. (2009). Continuing competency, what’s ahead?The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 23(3), 218-227.

Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services. (2015). Outpatient and Ambulatory Surgery CAHPS (OAS CAHPS). Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Research/CAHPS/OAS-CAHPS.html

Desai , M. S. , & Desai , S. P. (2015). Discovery of modern anesthesia: a counterfactual narrative about Crawford W. Long, Horace Wells, Charles T. Jackson, and William T. G. Morton. AANA Journal, 83(6), 411.

Glover , D. E. , Newkirk , L. E. , Cole , L. M. , Walker , T. J. , & Nader , K. C. (2006). Perioperative clinical nurse specialist role delineation: A systematic review. Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses Journal, 84(6), 1017-1029.

Kearns , E. (2015). EB98 Implementing evidence-based practice: Initiating bedside rounding. Critical Care Nurse, 35(2), e48.

Lee , S. , & Yih , Y. (2014). Reducing patient-flow delays in surgical suites through determining start-times of surgical cases. European Journal of Operational Research, (238), 620-629.

Niebuhr , B. S. , & Muenzen , P. (2001). A study of peri-anesthesia nursing practice: The foundation for newly revised CPAN and CAPA certification examinations. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 16(3), 163-173.

Niebuhr , B. S. , & Muenzen , P. (2008). ABPANC’S 2005-2006 Role Delineation Study: The Foundation for the CPAN® and CAPA® Certification Examinations. Retrieved from www.cpancapa.org/pdf/RDSWhitePapertoBN9-29-08.pdf

Niebuhr , B. , & Siano , J. (2011). ABPANC Report on 2010-2011 Role Delineation Study: The Foundation for the CPAN® and CAPA® Certification Examinations. Retrieved from http://cpancapa.org/pdf/WhitePaper-Report_on_ ABPANC_2010-2011_RDS.pdf

Olmstead , J. , Falcone , D. , Lopez , J. , Mislan , L. , Murphy , M. , & Acello , T. (2014). Developing strategies for on-call staffing: A working guideline for safe practices. AORN Journal, 100(4), 374.

Press Ganey Resources. (2015). OAS CAHPS. Retrieved from www.pressganey.com/resources/cahps-programs/oas-cahps

Schoenmeyr , T. , Dunn , P. F. , Gamarnik , D. , Levi , R. , Berger , D. L. , Daily , B. J. , ... Sandberg , W. S. (2009). A model for understanding the impacts of demand and capacity on waiting time to enter a congested recovery room. Anesthesiology, 110(6), 1293-1304.

Speers , A. T. , & Ziolkowski , L. (1998). Perioperative assistants are a new resource. Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses Journal, 67(2), 420-427.

Thomas , P. L. (2012). Charge nurses as front-line leaders: Development through transformative learning. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 43(2), 67-74.

Timmins , F. (2010). Managers duty to maintain good workplace communication skills. Nursing Management, 18(3), 30-34.

Ulrich , B. T. , Buerhaus , P. I. , Donelan , K. , Norman , L. , & Dittus , R. (2007). Magnet status and registered nurse views of the work environment and nursing as a career. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(5), 212-220.