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Overview

Topic Editor: Grant E. Fraser, M.D., FRACGP, FACRRM, ASTEM

Review Date: 9/17/2012


Definition

Meningococcemia is a potentially life-threatening infection of rapid onset, in which bacteremia caused by a encapsulated gram-negative diploccus, Neisseria meningitidis is present.
4 types of conditions occur with Meningococcal infection:

Description

Epidemiology

Incidence/Prevalence

Gender

Age

Risk factors

Etiology


History & Physical Findings

History

Physical findings on examination


Laboratory & Diagnostic Testing/Findings

Blood test findings

Other laboratory test findings

Radiographic findings

Other diagnostic test findings


Differential Diagnosis

Treatment/Medications

General treatment items

Resuscitation and supportive care: Hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic supportAntibiotics:Chemoprophylaxis:Refer General treatment items for detailed dosing

Disposition

Admission criteria

Discharge criteria

Follow-up

Monitoring

Patient education

Complications


Miscellaneous

Prevention

Prognosis

Synonyms/Abbreviations

Synonyms

ICD-9-CM

ICD-10-CM


References

  1. Harrison LH. Prospects for vaccine prevention of meningococcal infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):142-64. abstract
  2. Singh J and Arrieta AC. Management of meningococcemia. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2004;71(10): 909-13. abstract
  3. Harrison LH. The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(S2):S37-44. abstract
  4. Dickinson FO, Pérez AE, and Cuevas IE. Meningococcal disease serogroup C. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2012;2012(5):1-15. abstract
  5. Hazelzet JA. Diagnosing meningococcemia as a cause of sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2005;6(3):S50-4. abstract
  6. Richardson DC, Louie L, Louie M. Evaluation of a rapid PCR assay for diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003;41(8):3851-3. abstract
  7. Tzanakaki G, Tsolia M, Vlachou V. Evaluation of non-culture diagnosis of invasive meningococcal disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 2003;39(1):31-6. abstract
  8. Thomas JD, Hatcher CP, Satterfield DA, et al. sodC-based real-time PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidis. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19361.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(3):72-6. abstract
  10. Fraser A, Gafter-gvili A, Paul M, et al. Prophylactic use of antibiotics for prevention of meningococcal infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24(3):172-81. abstract
  11. Bilukha OO, Rosenstein N. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention and control of meningococcal disease. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54(RR-7):1-21. abstract
  12. Brooks R, Woods CW, Benjamin DK Jr, et al. Increased case-fatality rate associated with outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis infection, compared with sporadic meningococcal disease, in the United States, 1994-2002. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(1):49-54. abstract
  13. Hart CA, Cuevas LE. Meningococcal disease in Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91(7):777-85. abstract