section name header
Information
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Hypothermia is effective in coma following cardiac arrest but has not been shown to benefit stroke patients. Other neuroprotective agents have shown no efficacy in human trials despite promising animal data.
Outline
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Section 2. Medical Emergencies
10. Cardiovascular Collapse and Sudden Death
Management of Cardiac Arrest
Follow-Up
11. Shock
Septic Shock
12. Sepsis and Septic Shock
Definitions
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Local and Systemic Host Responses
Organ Dysfunction and Shock
Clinical Features
Major Complications
Laboratory Findings
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Prevention
13. Acute Pulmonary Edema
Physical Findings
Laboratory
14. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Definition and Etiology
Clinical Course and Pathophysiology
Outcomes
15. Respiratory Failure
Definition and Classification of Respiratory Failure
Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
Management of Mechanically Ventilated Patients
16. Confusion, Stupor, and Coma
Delirium
Coma
History
Immediate Assessment
Neurologic Examination
Responsiveness
Pupillary Signs
Ocular Movements
Respiratory Patterns
Radiologic Examination
Brain Death
17. Stroke
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Ischemic Stroke
Lacunar Syndromes (Small-Vessel Strokes)
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Intravenous Thrombolysis
Endovascular Revascularization
Antiplatelet Agents
Anticoagulation
Neuroprotection
Stroke Centers and Rehabilitation
Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Evaluation: Determining the Cause of Stroke
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Risk Factors
Antiplatelet Agents
Embolic Stroke
Anticoagulation Therapy for Noncardiogenic Stroke
Carotid Revascularization
18. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Clinical Presentation
Initial Evaluation
Aneurysm Repair
Medical Management
Hydrocephalus
Vasospasm
19. Increased Intracranial Pressure and Head Trauma
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Clinical Features
Head Trauma
Clinical Features
20. Spinal Cord Compression
Neoplastic Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Spinal Epidural Hematoma
21. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Clinical Manifestations
22. Status Epilepticus
Clinical Features
Etiology
Prognosis
23. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Coma
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Etiology
Clinical Features
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
Etiology
Clinical Features
24. Hypoglycemia
Etiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
25. Oncologic Emergencies
Structural/Obstructive Oncologic Emergencies
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Pericardial Effusion/Tamponade
Spinal Cord Compression
Emergent Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Hypercalcemia
SIADH
Adrenal Insufficiency
Treatment Complications
Fever and Neutropenia
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
26. Anaphylaxis
Definition
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Prevention
27. Bites, Venoms, Stings, and Marine Poisonings
Mammalian Bites
Dog Bites
Cat Bites
Other Nonhuman Mammalian Bites
Human Bites
Venomous Snakebites
Marine Envenomations
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Marine Poisonings
Ciguatera
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Scombroid
Arthropod Bites and Stings
Tick Bites and Tick Paralysis
Spider Bites
Recluse Spider Bites
Widow Spider Bites
Scorpion Stings
Hymenoptera Stings