Vitamin D disorders

Drugs: Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, or barbiturate therapy (chronic)

Insufficient sunlight exposure

Intestinal malabsorption: aging, bariatric surgery, celiac disease, orlistat, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, wheat bran excess

Kidney: CKD, nephrotic syndrome, kidney transplantation

Liver disease (chronic)

Malnutrition: starvation, vegan diet

Vitamin D-dependent rickets types I and II

Dietary calcium deficiency

Phosphate deficiency

Adefovir therapy for hepatitis B

Alcohol use disorder (alcoholism)

Diuretics

FGF23-related: tumoral hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets

Hyperparathyroidism

Intestinal malabsorption

Nutritional deficiency of phosphorus

Phosphate-binding antacid therapy

Renal tubular loss: Fanconi syndrome, oral contraceptives (idiosyncratic), parenteral iron, renal tubular acidosis

Other disorders: glycogen storage diseases, neurofibromatosis, paraproteinemias, Wilson disease

Inhibitors of mineralization

Aluminum toxicity

Bisphosphonates

Disorders of bone matrix

Axial osteomalacia

Fibrogenesis imperfecta

Hypophosphatasia