oxycodone

Contraindicated in:

Hypersensitivity;
Some products contain alcohol or bisulfites and should be avoided in patients with known intolerance or hypersensitivity;
Significant respiratory depression;
Paralytic ileus;
Acute or severe bronchial asthma;
Acute, mild, intermittent, or postoperative pain (ER).

Use Cautiously in:

Personal or family history of substance use disorder or mental illness;
Head trauma;
↑intracranial pressure;
Severe renal impairment;
Severe hepatic impairment;
Hypothyroidism;
Adrenal insufficiency;
Seizure disorders;
Undiagnosed abdominal pain;
Prostatic hyperplasia;
Difficulty swallowing or GI disorders that may predispose patient to obstruction (↑ risk for GI obstruction);
OB: Avoid chronic use; prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome;
Lactation: Use while breastfeeding only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential risk to infant;
Pedi: Children <11 yr (safety and effectiveness of ER products not established);
Geri: ↑risk of respiratory depression in older adults; initial dose ↓ recommended.

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects ⬆ ⬇

CV: orthostatic hypotension

Derm: flushing, sweating

EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis

Endo: adrenal insufficiency

GI: constipation, choking, dry mouth, GI obstruction, nausea, vomiting

GU: urinary retention

Neuro: confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams

Resp: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (INCLUDING CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND SLEEP-RELATED HYPOXEMIA)

Misc: allodynia, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance

Interactions ⬆ ⬇

Drug-drug:

Use with caution in patients receiving MAO inhibitors(may result in unpredictable reactions; ↓ initial dose of oxycodone to 25% of usual dose).
Additive CNS depression with alcohol, antihistamines, and sedative/hypnotics.
Mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics, including nalbuphine or butorphanol, and partial agonist analgesics, including buprenorphine, may ↓ oxycodone's analgesic effects and/or precipitate opioid withdrawal in physically dependent patients.
Concurrent use of CYP3A4 inhibitors, including ritonavir, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, clarithromycin, erythromycin, nefazodone, diltiazem, verapamil, nelfinavir, and fosamprenavir, ↑ levels and risk of opioid toxicity; careful monitoring during initiation, dose changes, or discontinuation of the inhibitor is recommended.
Concurrent use with CYP3A4 inducers, including barbiturates, carbamazepine, efavirenz, corticosteroids, modafinil, nevirapine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutin, or rifampin, may ↓ fentanyl levels and analgesia; if inducers are discontinued or dosage ↓, patients should be monitored for signs of opioid toxicity, and necessary dose adjustments should be made.
CYP2D6 inhibitors may ↑ levels.
Use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including other opioids, nonbenzodiazepine sedative/hypnotics, anxiolytics, general anesthetics, muscle relaxants, antipsychotics, and alcohol, may cause profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death; reserve concurrent use for when alternative treatment options are inadequate.
Drugs that affect serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, including tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, SNRIs, MAO inhibitors, TCAs, tramadol, trazodone, mirtazapine, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, linezolid, methylene blue, and triptans, ↑ risk of serotonin syndrome.

Availability ⬆ ⬇

(Generic available)

Immediate-release tablets (Roxicodone): 5 mg; 10 mg; 15 mg; 20 mg; 30 mg
Immediate-release tablets (abuse deterrent) (Roxybond): 5 mg; 15 mg; 30 mg
Immediate-release capsules: 5 mg
Oral solution: 5 mg/5 mL; 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated)
Extended-release tablets (abuse deterrent) (Oxycontin): 10 mg; 15 mg; 20 mg; 30 mg; 40 mg; 60 mg; 80 mg
Extended-release capsules (abuse deterrent) (Xtampza ER): 9 mg; 13.5 mg; 18 mg; 27 mg; 36 mg
Rectal suppositories: 10 mg; 20 mg
In combination with: aspirin (generic only), acetaminophen (Endocet, Nalocet, Percocet, Prolate); see Appendix [not included in this PDA edition].

Route/Dosage ⬆ ⬇

Larger doses may be required during chronic therapy. ER capsules are NOT bioequivalent to ER tablets.
PO (Adults ≥50 kg): Opioid-naive patients: 5–10 mg (immediate release [IR]) every 3–4 hr initially, as needed. Once optimal analgesia is obtained, patients with chronic pain may be converted to an equivalent 24-hr dose given in 2 divided doses as ER tablets every 12 hr.
PO (Adults <50 kg ): Opioid-naive patients: 0.2 mg/kg (IR) every 3–4 hr initially, as needed. Once optimal analgesia is obtained, patients with chronic pain may be converted to an equivalent 24-hr dose given in 2 divided doses as ER tablets every 12 hr.
PO (Children ≥11 yr): 0.05–0.15 mg/kg (IR) every 4–6 hr as needed, as immediate-release product. Once optimal analgesia is obtained, patients with chronic pain may be converted to an equivalent 24-hr dose given in 2 divided doses as ER tablets every 12 hr.
Rect (Adults ): 10–40 mg 3–4 times daily initially, as needed.

Hepatic Impairment

PO (Adults ): ↓initial dose by 50–66%.

US Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

OxyCONTIN, Roxicodone, Roxybond, Xtampza ER

Action ⬆ ⬇

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS.
Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression.

Therapeutic effects:

Decreased pain.

Classifications ⬆ ⬇

Therapeutic Classification: opioid analgesics

Pharmacologic Classification: opioid agonists, opioid agonists nonopioid analgesic combinations

Pharmacokinetics ⬆ ⬇

Absorption: Well absorbed from the GI tract.

Distribution: Widely distributed to tissues.

Protein Binding: 38–45%

Metabolism/Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme and to a lesser extent by the CYP2D6 isoenzyme.

Half-Life: 2–3 hr.

Contr. Subst. Schedule ⬆ ⬇

Canadian Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

Oxy IR, OxyNEO, Supeudol

Time/Action Profile ⬆ ⬇

(analgesic effects)

ROUTE	ONSET	PEAK	DURATION
PO	10–15 min	60–90 min	3–6 hr
PO-ER‡	10–15 min	3 hr	12 hr

‡Extended release.

Patient/Family Teaching ⬆ ⬇

Explain purpose and side effects of oxycodone to patient. Instruct them to take medication as directed and when to ask for pain medication. Do not share medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms; may be harmful. Keep out of children's reach. Advise patient to read Patient Informationbefore starting and with each Rx refill in case of changes.
REMS: Instruct patient on how and when to ask for and take pain medication. Do not stop taking without discussing with health care professional; may cause withdrawal symptoms if discontinued abruptly after prolonged use. Do not increase doses without discussing with health care professional; may lead to overdose. Discuss safe use, risks, and proper storage and disposal of opioid analgesics with patients and caregivers with each Rx. The Patient Counseling Guide is available at www.fda.gov/OpioidAnalgesicREMSPCG.
Advise patient that oxycodone is a drug with known abuse potential. Protect it from theft, and never give to anyone other than the individual for whom it was prescribed. Store out of sight and reach of children, and in a location not accessible by others.
Educate patients and caregivers on how to recognize respiratory depression and emphasize the importance of calling 911 or getting emergency medical help right away in the event of a known or suspected overdose. Inform patients and caregivers about various ways to obtain naloxone as permitted by individual state naloxone dispensing and prescribing requirements or guidelines (Rx, direct from pharmacist, or state programs). OTC naloxone nasal spray is available at pharmacies nationwide for overdose or accidental ingestion.
Advise patient to notify health care professional if pain control is not adequate or if severe or persistent side effects occur.
Medication may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Advise patient to call for assistance when ambulating and to avoid driving or other activities that require alertness until response to the medication is known.
Advise patients taking Oxycontin tablets that empty matrix tablets may appear in stool.
Advise patient to make position changes slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension.
Emphasize the importance of aggressive prevention of constipation with the use of oxycodone.
Advise patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants with this medication; may cause overdose.
Instruct patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and consult health care professional before taking any new medications.
Encourage patient to turn, cough, and breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent atelectasis.
Advise patient that good oral hygiene, frequent mouth rinses, and sugarless gum or candy may decrease dry mouth.
Rep: Advise patient to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected or if breastfeeding. Inform patient of potential for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome with prolonged use during pregnancy. Monitor neonate for signs and symptoms of withdrawal symptoms (irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high-pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, failure to gain weight); usually occur the first days after birth. Monitor infants exposed to oxycodone through breast milk for excess sedation and respiratory depression. Doses of less than 60 mg/day of the IR formulation are unlikely to result in clinically relevant exposure in breastfed infants. Chronic use may ↓ fertility in females and males.

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Indications ⬇

Contraind./Precautions ⬆ ⬇