DDx ⬇
- Syncope
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Stroke or transient ischemic attack
- Pseudoseizure
- Panic attack
- Migraine
- Narcolepsy
Related DDx ⬆ ⬇
Etiology ⬆
- Idiopathic (epilepsy)
- Hypoglycemia
- Drugs: alcohol withdrawal, cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepine withdrawal, heroin withdrawal, SSRIs
- Electrolyte abnormality, eg, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia
- Infection: bacterial meningitis, herpes encephalitis, neurocysticercosis, neurosyphilis
- Space-occupying lesion, eg, brain tumor, arteriovenous malformation
- Trauma
- Stroke
- CNS vasculitis, eg, systemic lupus erythematosus
- Uremia
- Febrile seizures
- Congenital abnormality or perinatal injury
- Degenerative disease, eg, Alzheimer’s disease