DDx ⬇
- Neurologic: syncope or presyncope, vertigo, transient ischemic attack, absence seizure, temporal lobe seizure, pseudoseizure, migraine, narcolepsy, multiple sclerosis, porphyria
- Psychiatric: anxiety, panic attack, conversion disorder, domestic violence
- Cardiac: arrhythmia, mitral valve prolapse
- Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension
- Endocrine: hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hot flashes (menopausal)
- Rheumatologic: CNS vasculitis
- Drugs, eg, alcohol, cocaine, withdrawal
- Infectious: Lyme disease, neurosyphilis
Related DDx ⬆