Related DDx ⬇
Etiology ⬆
- Microvascular infarction, eg, diabetes, hypertension
- Multiple sclerosis
- Acute or chronic otitis media
- Malignant otitis externa
- Infiltrating process at skull base: meningitis, sarcoidosis, intracranial metastases, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer
- Brainstem infarct or vertebrobasilar insufficiency
- Arterial dissection, eg, internal carotid, vertebral
- Compression by aneurysm or tumor
- Neurosyphilis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Neurofibromatosis
- Paget's disease
- Myasthenia gravis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Diphtheria
- Glomus jugulare (middle ear tumor)
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Graves' ophthalmopathy (not a palsy, but affects extraocular movements)