Chronic Visual Loss

Refractive error
Cataract
Macular degeneration (atrophic)
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma
Corneal opacity, eg, scar, pterygium
Chronic uveitis
Pituitary tumor (bitemporal)
Other types of retinopathy, eg, hypertensive, sickle cell, severe anemia, radiation, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), talc (emboli from IV drug use)
Cerebrovascular disease or brain tumor affecting visual pathways
Intraorbital tumor
Toxic optic neuropathy, eg, methanol
Lens dislocation, eg, Marfan syndrome, homocystinuria
Other worldwide causes: trachoma, Hansen’s disease (leprosy), onchocerciasis, xerophthalmia (vitamin A deficiency)