Nocturnal leg cramps
- Idiopathic
- Diabetes
- Parkinson’s disease
- CNS or spinal cord disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Hemodialysis
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Pregnancy
- Drugs: cisplatin, vincristine
Other causes of muscle cramps
- Muscle injury, eg, sports
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia
- Alkalosis (eg, vomiting, hyperventilation)
- Vascular insufficiency (claudication)
- Restless leg syndrome
- Dystonia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Celiac disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Black widow spider bite
- McArdle’s disease (muscle fatigue, cramping, high CK)