Hypogonadotropic
(low or normal LH)
- Hypopituitarism, eg, pituitary adenoma
- Cushing's syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hemochromatosis
- Estrogen-secreting tumor (testicular, adrenal)
- Idiopathic
- GnRH agonist therapy, eg, leuprolide
- Drugs: alcohol, ketoconazole, spironolactone, marijuana, prior androgens, phenytoin, cimetidine, intrathecal opioids
- Anorexia nervosa
- Cirrhosis
- Serious illness or malnutrition
- Kallmann syndrome
- Prader-Willi syndrome
Hypergonadotropic
(primary testicular failure; high LH)
- Male climacteric (andropause or male menopause)
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Orchitis, eg, mumps, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, leprosy
- Radiation therapy
- Cancer chemotherapy
- Autoimmune
- Uremia
- Testicular trauma or torsion
- Lymphoma
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Androgen insensitivity
- Idiopathic