DDx ⬇
- Congenital nystagmus
- Medications, eg, anticonvulsants, lithium
- Alcohol intoxication
- Demyelinating disease, eg, multiple sclerosis
- Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
- Brainstem stroke
- Head trauma
- Positioning vertigo
- Thiamine deficiency
- Magnesium deficiency
- Neoplasm
- Arnold–Chiari malformation
- Encephalitis
- Extreme lateral gaze (often normal)
- Opticokinetic nystagmus (normal; occurs when one attempts to focus on a rapidly moving object, eg, a train)
Related DDx ⬆