Therapeutic Classification: anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Classification: Fluoroquinolones
Absorption: 70% absorbed after oral administration; IV administration results in complete bioavailability.
Distribution: Widely distributed. High tissue and urinary levels are achieved. Crosses the placenta; enters breast milk.
Metabolism/Excretion: — 15% metabolized by the liver, 40–50% excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
Half-life: 4 hr.
CV: AORTIC ANEURYSM/DISSECTION.
Derm: photosensitivity, rash.
Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia.
GI: HEPATOTOXICITY, CLOSTRIDIOIDES DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (CDAD), abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, ↑ liver enzymes.
GU: vaginitis.
Hemat: eosinophilia.
Local: phlebitis at IV site.
MS: arthralgia, myalgia, tendinitis, tendon rupture.
Neuro: peripheral neuropathy, ELEVATED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE (INCLUDING PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI), SEIZURES, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, agitation, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, nightmares, paranoia, toxic psychosis, tremor.
Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS (INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS).
Skin/Skin Structure Infections
- PO (Adults): 500–750 mg every 12 hr for 7–14 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8–12 hr for 7–14 days.
Bone and Joint Infections
- PO (Adults): 500–750 mg every 12 hr for 4–8 wk (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8–12 hr for 4–8 wk.
Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 7–14 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 12 hr for 7–14 days.
Infectious Diarrhea
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 5–7 days (immediate-release).
Typhoid Fever
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 10 days (immediate-release).
Uncomplicated Urethral and Cervical Gonorrhea
- PO (Adults): 250 mg single dose (immediate-release).
Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure)
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 60 days (immediate-release).
- PO (Children): 15 mg/kg (max = 500 mg/dose) every 12 hr for 60 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 12 hr for 60 days.
- IV (Children): 10 mg/kg (max = 400 mg/dose) every 12 hr for 60 days.
Plague
- PO (Adults): 500–750 mg every 12 hr for 14 days (immediate-release).
- PO (Children): 15 mg/kg (max = 500 mg/dose) every 8–12 hr for 14 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8–12 hr for 14 days.
- IV (Children): 10 mg/kg (max = 400 mg/dose) every 8–12 hr for 10–21 days.
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 28 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 12 hr for 28 days.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- PO (Adults): 500–750 mg every 12 hr for 7–14 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8–12 hr for 7–14 days.
Nosocomial Pneumonia
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8 hr for 10–14 days.
Febrile Neutropenia
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8 hr for 7–14 days.
Urinary Tract Infections
- PO (Adults): Complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis — 250–500 mg every 12 hr for 7–14 days (immediate-release) or 1000 mg once daily for 7–14 days (extended-release); Acute uncomplicated cystitis — 250 mg every 12 hr for 3 days (immediate-release) or 500 mg once daily for 3 days (extended-release).
- PO (Children 1–17 yr): Complicated urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis — 10–20 mg/kg (max = 750 mg/dose) every 12 hr for 10–21 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 200–400 mg every 8–12 hr for 7–14 days.
- IV (Children 1–17 yr): Complicated urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis — 6–10 mg/kg (max = 400 mg/dose) every 8 hr for 10–21 days.
Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
- PO (Adults): 500 mg every 12 hr for 10 days (immediate-release).
- IV (Adults): 400 mg every 12 hr for 10 days.
Renal Impairment
- PO (Adults): CCr 30–50 mL/min — 250–500 mg every 12 hr (immediate-release); CCr 5–29 mL/min — 250–500 mg every 18 hr (immediate-release) or 500 mg once daily (extended-release); Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis — 250–500 mg every 24 hr (immediate-release) (give dose after dialysis session)or 500 mg once daily (extended-release) (give dose after dialysis session).
Renal Impairment
- IV (Adults): CCr 5–29 mL/min — 200–400 mg every 18–24 hr.
50 mL/min)
2 hr before or