section name header

Pronunciation ⬇

a-mox-i-SILL-in/klav-yoo-LAN-ate

Classifications ⬆ ⬇

Therapeutic Classification: anti-infectives

Pharmacologic Classification: aminopenicillins beta lactamase inhibitors

Indications ⬆ ⬇

REMS

Action ⬆ ⬇

  • Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death; spectrum of amoxicillin is broader than penicillin. Clavulanate resists action of beta-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that is capable of inactivating some penicillins.
Therapeutic effects:
  • Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.

Spectrum:

Pharmacokinetics ⬆ ⬇

Absorption: Well absorbed from the duodenum (75–90%). More resistant to acid inactivation than other penicillins.

Distribution: Diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids. Does not readily enter brain/CSF; CSF penetration is ↑ in the presence of inflamed meninges. Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk in small amounts.

Metabolism/Excretion: 70% excreted unchanged in the urine; 30% metabolized by the liver.

Half-Life: 1–1.3 hr.

Time/Action Profile ⬆ ⬇

(peak blood levels)

ROUTEONSETPEAKDURATION
PO30 min1–2 hr8–12 hr



Contraind./Precautions ⬆ ⬇

Contraindicated in:

Use Cautiously in:

Adv. Reactions/Side Effects ⬆ ⬇

Derm: rash, ACUTE GENERALIZED EXANTHEMATOUS PUSTULOSIS, DRUG REACTION WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, urticaria

GI: diarrhea, CLOSTRIDIOIDES DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (CDAD), hepatic impairment, nausea, vomiting

GU: vaginal candidiasis

Hemat: blood dyscrasias

Neuro: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES)

Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS (INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS AND SERUM SICKNESS), superinfection

Interactions ⬆ ⬇

Drug-drug:

Route/Dosage ⬆ ⬇

Most Infections (Dosing based on amoxicillin component)

Serious Infections and Respiratory Tract Infections

Recurrent/persistent acute otitis media due to Multidrug-resistant

Streptococcus pneumoniae,

H. influenzae,

or

M. catarrhalis

Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Serious Infections

Less Serious Infections

Renal Impairment

Availability ⬆ ⬇

(Generic available)

Assessment ⬆ ⬇

Lab Test Considerations:

Implementation ⬆ ⬇

Patient/Family Teaching ⬆ ⬇

Evaluation/Desired Outcomes ⬆ ⬇

US Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

Augmentin, Augmentin ES

Canadian Brand Names ⬆ ⬇

Clavulin

Pill Image

amoxicillin_195-9028.jpg

Code ⬆

NDC Code