CV: bradycardia, hypotension, QT interval prolongation, HF, WORSENING OF ARRHYTHMIAS.
Derm: photosensitivity, blue discoloration, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS (RARE).
EENT: corneal microdeposits, abnormal sense of smell, dry eyes, optic neuritis, optic neuropathy, photophobia.
Endo: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.
GI: anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, ↑ liver enzymes, abdominal pain, abnormal sense of taste.
GU: ↓ libido, epididymitis.
Neuro: ataxia, dizziness, fatigue, involuntary movement, malaise, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, poor coordination, tremor, confusional states, disorientation, hallucinations, headache, insomnia.
Resp: ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, PULMONARY FIBROSIS.
Ventricular Arrhythmias
- PO (Adults): 8001600 mg/day in 12 doses for 13 wk, then 600800 mg/day in 12 doses for 1 mo, then 400 mg/day maintenance dose.
- PO (Children): 10 mg/kg/day (800 mg/1.72 m2/day) for 10 days or until response or adverse reaction occurs, then 5 mg/kg/day (400 mg/1.72 m2/day) for several wk, then ↓ to 2.5 mg/kg/day (200 mg/1.72 m2/day) or lowest effective maintenance dose.
- IV (Adults): 150 mg over 10 min, followed by 360 mg over the next 6 hr and then 540 mg over the next 18 hr. Continue infusion at 0.5 mg/min until oral therapy is initiated. If arrhythmia recurs, a small loading infusion of 150 mg over 10 min should be given; in addition, the rate of the maintenance infusion may be ↑. Conversion to initial oral therapy: If duration of IV infusion was <1 wk, oral dose should be 8001600 mg/day; if IV infusion was 13 wk, oral dose should be 600800 mg/day; if IV infusion was >3 wk, oral dose should be 400 mg/day. ACLS guidelines for pulseless VF/VT: 300 mg IV push, may repeat once after 35 min with 150 mg IV push (maximum cumulative dose 2.2 g/24 hr; unlabeled).
- IV, Intraosseous (Children and infants): PALS guidelines for pulseless VF/VT: 5 mg/kg as a bolus; Perfusion tachycardia: 5 mg/kg loading dose over 2060 min (maximum of 15 mg/kg/day; unlabeled).
Supraventricular Tachycardia
- PO (Adults): 600800 mg/day for 1 wk or until desired response occurs or side effects develop, then ↓ to 400 mg/day for 3 wk, then maintenance dose of 200400 mg/day.
- PO (Children): 10 mg/kg/day (800 mg/1.72 m2/day) for 10 days or until response or side effects occur, then 5 mg/kg/day (400 mg/1.72 m2/day) for several wk, then ↓ to 2.5 mg/kg/day (200 mg/1.72 m2/day) or lowest effective maintenance dose.
Therapeutic Classification: antiarrhythmics (class III)
Absorption: Slowly and variably absorbed from the GI tract (3565%). IV administration results in complete bioavailability.
Distribution: Distributed to and accumulates slowly in body tissues. Reaches high levels in fat, muscle, liver, lungs, and spleen. Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk.
Protein Binding: 96% bound to plasma proteins.
Metabolism/Excretion: Metabolized by the liver, excreted into bile. Minimal renal excretion. One metabolite has antiarrhythmic activity.
Half-life: 13107 days.
(suppression of ventricular arrhythmias)