DDx ⬇
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Congestive heart failure (cardiac asthma)
- Acute bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Airway obstruction (eg, tumor, goiter)
- Foreign-body aspiration
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Interstitial lung disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Angioedema or anaphylaxis
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Vocal cord dysfunction
- Ascariasis
Related DDx ⬆