Lower airway disorders

• COPD
• Bronchiectasis
• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Eosinophilic pneumonia
• Bronchiolitis obliterans

Upper airway disorders

• Foreign-body aspiration
• Vocal cord paralysis
• Vocal cord dysfunction syndrome
• Laryngotracheal mass
• Tracheal stenosis
• Tracheomalacia
• Angioedema
• Airway edema from inhalation injury

Other

• CHF (cardiac asthma)
• GERD
• Pulmonary embolism
• Churg-Strauss syndrome

Psychiatric

• Conversion disorder (also called functional asthma or vocal cord dysfunction)
• Factitious disorder
• Malingering

• Wheezing
• Dyspnea
• Upper airway obstruction
• Tracheal obstruction
• Bronchial obstruction
• Chronic cough

Precipitants

• Environmental: house dust mites, cockroaches, cats, seasonal pollens, occupational exposure (occupational asthma), tobacco smoke, weather changes (especially cold air), air pollution
• Exercise
• URI
• Rhinitis and postnasal drip
• Sinusitis
• Aspiration
• GERD
• Drugs: beta blockers, aspirin, NSAIDs, histamine, methacholine, acetylcysteine, aerosolized pentamidine, any nebulized medication
• Catamenial asthma (menstrual)
• Stress