DDx ⬇
- Aseptic or bacterial meningitis
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
- Encephalitis accompanying exanthematous diseases of childhood: measles, varicella, infectious mononucleosis, rubella
- Nonparalytic poliomyelitis
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, brain tumor, brain abscess
- Lupus cerebritis
- Behçet’s syndrome
- Lyme disease or neurosyphilis
- Toxoplasmosis or cryptococcosis
- Encephalitis following vaccination (for rabies, measles, pertussis)
- Reye’s syndrome
- Toxic encephalitis, eg, drugs, poisons, Shiga toxin
- Amebic meningoencephalitis (Naegleria fowleri) or granulomatous amebic encephalitis (Acanthamoeba)
- African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
Related DDx ⬆ ⬇
Etiology ⬆
- Herpes simplex, mumps, HIV, poliovirus, rabies, cytomegalovirus
- Viral and mosquito-borne: St. Louis, California, Japanese B, Western equine, Eastern equine, West Nile encephalitis