fee-noe-BAR-bi-tal 
Unlabeled Use:
Absorption: Absorption is slow but relatively complete (70–90%).
Distribution: Unknown.
Metabolism/Excretion: 75% metabolized by the liver, 25% excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
Half-life: Neonates: 1.8–8.3 days; Infants: 0.8–5.5 days; Children: 1.5–3 days; Adults: 2–6 days.
Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
Neuro: hangover, delirium, depression, drowsiness, excitation, lethargy, vertigo.
Resp: respiratory depression.
IV: LARYNGOSPASM, bronchospasm.
CV: IV: hypotension.
GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Derm: photosensitivity, rashes, urticaria.
Local: phlebitis at IV site.
MS: arthralgia, myalgia, neuralgia.
Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS INCLUDING ANGIOEDEMA AND SERUM SICKNESS, physical dependence, psychological dependence.
Drug-Drug:
Drug-Natural Products:
Maintenance Anticonvulsant
Sedation
Hypnotic
Hyperbilirubinemia
IV Administration:
Therapeutic Classification: anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics
Pharmacologic Classification: barbiturates
(Generic available)
(sedation†)
| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 30–60 min | unknown | >6 hr |
| IM, subcut | 10–30 min | unknown | 4–6 hr |
| IV | 5 min | 30 min | 4–6 hr |
†Full anticonvulsant effects occur after 2–3 wk of chronic dosing unless a loading dose has been used.
NDC Code*