Contraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
CNS: headache, dizziness.
EENT: cataracts, dysphonia, glaucoma, hoarseness, oropharyngeal fungal infections, nasal stuffiness, rhinorrhea, sinusitis.
Endo: adrenal suppression (high-dose, long-term therapy only), ↓ bone mineral density, ↓ growth (in children), Cushing's syndrome.
GI: diarrhea.
MS: muscle pain.
Resp: bronchospasm, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, wheezing.
Misc: (INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS, LARYNGEAL EDEMA, BRONCHOSPASM, AND URTICARIA)HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS , CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME, fever.
Drug-Drug:
Aerosol for Oral Inhalation
Powder for Oral Inhalation
Absorption: <1% (aerosol), 814% (powder). Action is primarily local after inhalation.
Distribution: 1025% of inhaled corticosteroids is deposited in the airways if a spacer device is not used. With the use of a spacer, a greater percentage may reach the respiratory tract. Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk in small amounts.
Protein Binding: 9199%.
Metabolism/Excretion: Metabolized by the liver primarily by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme after absorption from lungs; <5% excreted in urine; remainder excreted in feces.
Half-life: 7.8 hr (propionate); 24 hr (furoate).
(improvement in symptoms)
ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
---|---|---|---|
Inhalation | within 24 hr | 14 wk | several days after discontinuation |
Improvement in pulmonary function; decreased airway responsiveness may take longer.