There are numerous skin eruptions that characteristically occur during the neonatal period and in infancy. Most of these are transient physiologic phenomena or benign, self-limited eruptions that are unique to newborns and infants and often bother parents much more than they do the babies. Less often, a skin rash on a neonate or infant can represent an infection, a genetic skin disease, or a systemic condition. It is important to recognize the clinical morphology and distribution of the common, benign eruptions so that they can be quickly distinguished from more significant conditions that may require further workup and treatment.

When in doubt, simple, reliable tests such as a potassium hydroxide stain (KOH), Gram stain, and cultures can help to rule out an infectious etiology. A skin biopsy is rarely indicated. Many of the conditions described in this chapter can have widespread, extensive presentations but are generally asymptomatic. Treatment, when necessary, is aimed at the alleviation of symptoms and the prevention or treatment of infection. In addition, the level of parental anxiety should be assessed and addressed.