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27-nm picornavirus (hepatovirus) with single-stranded RNA genome.
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Section 11. Gastroenterology
147. Peptic Ulcer and Related Disorders
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Causes and Risk Factors
General
Duodenal Ulcer
Gastric Ulcer
Clinical Features
Duodenal Ulcer
Gastric Ulcer
Complications
Diagnosis
Duodenal Ulcer
Gastric Ulcer
Detection of H. Pylori
Gastropathies
Erosive Gastropathies
Chronic Gastritis
Type A Gastritis
Type B Gastritis
Specific Types of Gastropathy or Gastritis
Zollinger-Ellison (Z-E) Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
Diagnosis
Suggestive
Confirmatory
Differential Diagnosis
Increased Gastric Acid Secretion
Normal or Decreased Gastric Acid Secretion
148. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Introduction
Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Complications
Diagnosis
Crohn's Disease (CD)
Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Complications
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Infectious Enterocolitis
Others
Extraintestinal Manifestations of UC and CD
149. Colonic and Anorectal Diseases
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Diverticular Disease
Clinical Presentation
Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
Causes
Vascular Disorders (Small and Large Intestine)
Mechanisms of Mesenteric Ischemia
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Chronic Mesenteric Insufficiency
Ischemic Colitis
Colonic Angiodysplasia
Anorectal Diseases
Hemorrhoids
Anal Fissures
Pruritus Ani
Anal Condylomas (Genital Warts)
150. Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Cholangitis
Cholelithiasis
Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Acute Cholecystitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Chronic Cholecystitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Choledocholithiasis/Cholangitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Radiology/Endoscopy
Differential Diagnosis
151. Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
Etiology
Clinical Features
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Systemic
Local
Chronic Pancreatitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Laboratory
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
152. Acute Hepatitis
Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Clinical Course
Outcome
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Prevention
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Clinical Course
Outcome
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Prevention
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Clinical Course
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Prevention
Hepatitis D (HDV, Delta Agent)
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Prevention
Hepatitis E (HEV)
Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis
Dose-Dependent (Direct Hepatotoxins)
Idiosyncratic
Fulminant Hepatitis
Causes
Clinical Manifestations
153. Chronic Hepatitis
Introduction
Overview
Etiology
Histologic Classification
Presentation
Chronic Hepatitis B
Extrahepatic Manifestations (Immune Complex-Mediated)
Chronic Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Classification
Clinical Manifestations
Extrahepatic Manifestations
Serologic Abnormalities
154. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease
Cirrhosis
Causes
Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms
Signs
Laboratory Findings
Diagnostic Studies
Complications
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Fatty Liver
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Other Metabolic Consequences of Alcoholism
Adverse Prognostic Factors
Primary BILIARY Cirrhosis (PBC)
Clinical Manifestations
Associated Diseases
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Liver Transplantation
Contraindications
Selection of Donor
Immunosuppression
Medical Complications after Transplantation
Success Rate
155. Portal Hypertension
Introduction
Classification
Consequences
Esophagogastric Varices
Diagnosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Clinical Features
Pathophysiology
Precipitants