Chronic abdominal pain, gastroparesis, malabsorption/maldigestion, impaired glucose tolerance. Nondiabetic retinopathy due to vitamin A and/or zinc deficiency. GI bleeding, icterus, effusions, subcutaneous fat necrosis, and metabolic bone disease. Increased risk for pancreatic carcinoma. Narcotic addiction common.
For a more detailed discussion, see Conwell DL, Greenberger NJ, Banks PA: Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease, Chap. 370, p. 2086; Conwell DL, Banks PA, Greenberger NJ: Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, Chap. 371, p. 2090, in HPIM-19. |