Recovery >90%, fulminant hepatitis (<1%), chronic hepatitis or carrier state (only 1-2% of immunocompetent adults; higher in neonates, elderly, immunocompromised), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (especially following chronic infection beginning in infancy or early childhood) (Chap. 154. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease). Reactivation of HBV has been observed with immunosuppression, particularly with rituximab.