The primary complications of portal hypertension are gastroesophageal varices with hemorrhage, ascites (See Table 155-1) (Chap. 43. Ascites), hypersplenism, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (Chap. 43. Ascites), hepatorenal syndrome (Chap. 43. Ascites), hepatocellular carcinoma (Chap. 71. Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract).