The components of a standard enteral formula are as follows:

• Caloric density: 1 kcal/mL
• Protein: ~14% cals; caseinates, soy, lactalbumin
• Fat: ~30% cals; corn, soy, safflower oils
• Carbohydrate: ~60% cals; hydrolyzed corn starch, maltodextrin, sucrose
• Recommended daily intake of all minerals and vitamins in ≥1500 kcal/d
• Osmolality (mosmol/kg): ~300

However, modification of the enteral formula may be required based on various clinical indications and/or associated disease states. After elevation of the head of the bed and confirmation of correct tube placement, continuous gastric infusion is initiated using a half-strength diet at a rate of 25-50 mL/h. This can be advanced to full strength as tolerated to meet the energy target. The major risks of enteral tube feeding are aspiration, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, warfarin resistance, sinusitis, and esophagitis.