1. Hepatic Evaluation (Table 45-6: Preoperative Evaluation of Hepatic Function)
2. Perioperative Risk Associated with Liver Disease
   1. In the absence of accumulating evidence, consensus opinion is that elective surgery should be postponed in patients with acute hepatitis.
   2. In patients with chronic liver disease, it is not feasible to postpone surgery until recovery. A number of studies have investigated the risk of surgery in patients with cirrhosis (Table 45-7: Risk of Surgery in Patients with Cirrhosis (Modified Child-Pugh Score)).

The Liver: Surgery and Anesthesia

1. Assessment of Hepatic Function
2. Hepatobiliary Imaging
3. Liver Biopsy
4. Hepatic and Hepatobiliary Diseases
5. Acute Liver Failure
6. Acute Hepatitis
7. Alcoholic Hepatitis
8. Drug-Induced Liver Injury
9. Pregnancy-Related Liver Diseases
10. Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
11. Hemostasis
12. Cardiac Manifestations
13. Renal Dysfunction
14. Pulmonary Complications
15. Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
16. Ascites
17. Varices
18. Chronic Cholestatic Disease
19. Chronic Hepatocellular Disease
20. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
21. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
22. Preoperative Management
23. Intraoperative Management
24. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Procedure
25. Hepatic Resection
26. Postoperative Liver Dysfunction