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Section 14. Neurology
180. The Neurologic Examination
Mental Status Examination
Cranial Nerve (CN) Examination
CN I
CN II
CN III, IV, VI
CN V
CN VII
CN VIII
CN IX, X
CN XI
CN XII
Motor Examination
Reflexes
Sensory Examination
Coordination and GAIT
The Neurologic Method and Localization
181. Seizures and Epilepsy
Clinical Evaluation
Laboratory Evaluation
Electroencephalography
Brain Imaging
182. Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease
Other Causes of Dementia
183. Parkinson's Disease
Clinical Features
Pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis
184. Ataxic Disorders
Clinical Presentation
Inherited Ataxias
Evaluation
185. ALS and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Clinical Features
Pathophysiology
Laboratory Evaluation
186. Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy and Causalgia)
187. Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Facial Pain or Numbness (Trigeminal Nerve [v])
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
Trigeminal Neuropathy
Facial Weakness (Facial Nerve [vii])
Bell's Palsy
Other Facial Nerve Disorders
Other Cranial Nerve Disorders
Disorders of the Sense of Smell
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
Dysphagia and Dysphonia
Neck Weakness
Tongue Paralysis
Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies
188. Spinal Cord Diseases
Symptoms and Signs
Specific Signs by Spinal Cord Level
Lesions Near the Foramen Magnum
Cervical Cord
Thoracic Cord
Lumbar Cord
Sacral Cord (Conus Medullaris)
Cauda Equina (Cluster of Nerve Roots Derived from Lower Cord)
Intramedullary and Extramedullary Syndromes
Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Diseases
Chronic Myelopathies
Complications
189. Tumors of the Nervous System
Primary Intracranial Tumors
Astrocytomas
Oligodendrogliomas
Ependymomas
Primary CNS Lymphomas
Medulloblastomas
Meningiomas
Schwannomas
Tumors Metastatic to the Nervous System
Leptomeningeal Metastases
Spinal Cord Compression from Metastases
Complications of Radiation Therapy
190. Multiple Sclerosis
Clinical Features
Physical Examination
Disease Course
Laboratory Evaluation
Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing Forms of MS (RRMS, SPMS with Exacerbations)
Acute Relapses
Progressive Symptoms
Symptomatic Therapy
Clinical Variants of MS
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
191. Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Viral Meningitis
Viral Encephalitis
Brain Abscess
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
192. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis
Clinical Features
193. Peripheral Neuropathies, Including Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Polyneuropathy
Diagnostic Evaluation
Electrodiagnosis
Specific Polyneuropathies
Mononeuropathy
Clinical Features
194. Myasthenia Gravis
Clinical Features
Pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis
Laboratory Evaluation
195. Muscle Diseases
Muscular Dystrophies
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Limb-Girdle Dystrophy
Myotonic Dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral (FSH) Dystrophy
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy
Inflammatory Myopathies
Disorders of Muscle Energy Metabolism
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Periodic Paralyses
Endocrine and Metabolic Myopathies
Drug-Induced Myopathies