Bilateral chronic ocular irritation, dry eyes, redness, burning, photophobia, and foreign body sensation. Typically middle-aged adults, but it can be found in children. More common in women. Associated facial symptoms include recurrent facial flushing episodes, persistent midfacial erythema, and papular skin lesions.
Critical
Telangiectasias, pustules, papules, or erythema of the cheeks, forehead, and nose. Findings may be subtle especially in heavily pigmented individuals, often best seen under natural light. Superficial or deep corneal vascularization, particularly in the inferior cornea, is sometimes seen and may extend into a stromal infiltrate.
Other
Rhinophyma of the nose occurs in the late stages of the disease, especially in men. Blepharitis (telangiectasias of the eyelid margin with inflammation) and a history of recurrent chalazia are common. Conjunctival injection, SPK, phlyctenules, perilimbal infiltrates of staphylococcal hypersensitivity, iritis, or even corneal perforation (rare) may occur.
Unknown, but signs and symptoms are often induced by certain environmental/local factors, including hot beverages (e.g., coffee or tea), tobacco, vasodilating medications, alcohol, and emotional stress.
NOTE: |
Tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline should not be given to pregnant women, nursing women, or children ≤8 years. Patients should be warned of increased sunburn susceptibility with the use of this medication. |
NOTE: |
Asymptomatic ocular rosacea without progressively worsening eye disease does not require oral antibiotics. |