Four days after a two-vessel coronary artery bypass graft procedure with a mitral valve replacement, a 69-year-old, 90-kg, 167-cm tall female presents with shortness of breath, orthopnea, oliguria, and overt weakness. On examination, she is sitting fully upright and appears anxious; her skin is cold and clammy. Her vital signs are: heart rate (HR), 120 beats per minute (sinus tachycardia); respiratory rate, 38 breaths per minute; and systemic arterial pressure, 115/66 mm Hg. A pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is inserted and reveals: pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, 55/21 mm Hg; pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), 14 mm Hg; central venous pressure (CVP), 23 mm Hg; and cardiac output (CO), 2.7 L/min.