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Avoidance of sun exposure and use of sunscreens lower risk.
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Section 6. Hematology and Oncology
61. Examination of Blood Smears and Bone Marrow
Blood Smears
Erythrocyte (RBC) Morphology
RBC Inclusions
Leukocyte Inclusions and Nuclear Contour Abnormalities
Platelet Abnormalities
Bone Marrow
Indications
Aspiration
Special Tests
Biopsy
Special Tests
Interpretation
Cellularity
Erythroid:granulocytic (E:[eGFR]) Ratio
62. Red Blood Cell Disorders
Hypoproliferative Anemias
Maturation Disorders
Anemia Due to RBC Destruction or Acute Blood Loss
Blood Loss
Hemolysis
Laboratory Abnormalities
63. Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
Neutrophilia
Causes
Leukemoid Reaction
Causes
Leukoerythroblastic Reaction
Causes
Lymphocytosis
Causes
Monocytosis
Causes
Eosinophilia
Causes
Basophilia
Causes
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Causes
Lymphopenia
Causes
Monocytopenia
Causes
Eosinopenia
Causes
64. Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders
Bleeding Disorders
Platelet Disorders
Thrombocytopenia
Causes
Pseudothrombocytopenia
Thrombocytosis
Disorders of Platelet Function
Hemostatic Disorders Due to Blood Vessel Wall Defects
Disorders of Blood Coagulation
Congenital Disorders
Acquired Disorders
Thrombotic Disorders
Hypercoagulable State
65. Myeloid Leukemias, Myelodysplasia, and Myeloproliferative Syndromes
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Myeloproliferative Syndromes
Polycythemia Vera
Idiopathic Myelofibrosis
Essential Thrombocytosis
66. Lymphoid Malignancies
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Indolent Lymphomas
Follicular Lymphoma
Aggressive Lymphomas
Acute Lymphoid Leukemias/Lymphomas
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma/Leukemia
Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL)
Plasma Cell Disorders
Multiple Myeloma
Diagnosis
Staging
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Clinical Manifestations
Differential Diagnosis
Immunologic and Hematologic Abnormalities
Staging
67. Skin Cancer
Malignant Melanoma
Incidence
Predisposing Factors
Prevention
Types
Biology
Clinical Appearance
Prognosis
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Predisposing Factors
Prevention
Types
Clinical Appearance
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Predisposing Factors
Types
Clinical Appearance
Prognosis
Skin Cancer Prevention
68. Head and Neck Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Pathology
Genetic Alterations
Clinical Presentation
Prevention
69. Lung Cancer
Incidence
Histologic Classification
Etiology
Clinical Manifestations
Staging
Prognosis
Screening
70. Breast Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Genetics
Diagnosis
Clinical and Molecular Staging
Prevention
71. Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Esophageal Carcinoma
Gastric Carcinoma
Benign Gastric Tumors
Small-Bowel Tumors
Colonic Polyps
Tubular Adenomas
Villous Adenomas
Hyperplastic Polyps
Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes
Colorectal Cancer
Anal Cancer
Benign Liver Tumors
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Pancreatic Cancer
Endocrine Tumors of the GI Tract and Pancreas
Carcinoid Tumor
Pancreatic Islet-Cell Tumors
72. Genitourinary Tract Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Presentation
Renal Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Presentation
Testicular Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Presentation
73. Gynecologic Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Genetics
Screening
Clinical Presentation
Pathology
Staging
Endometrial Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Pathology
Staging
Cervical Cancer
Incidence and Epidemiology
Screening
Prevention
Clinical Presentation
Staging
74. Prostate Hyperplasia and Carcinoma
Prostate Hyperplasia
Prostate Carcinoma
Prostate Cancer Prevention
75. Cancer of Unknown Primary Site
76. Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
77. Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Clinical Features
PNDs of the Central Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia
PNDs of Nerve and Muscle