Perioperative blood component therapy accounts for at least 23% of all blood product transfusions (Carabini LM, Ramsey G. Hemostasis and transfusion medicine. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan MK, Ortega R, Stock MC, eds.Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:408–444). It is imperative for anesthesia professionals to understand the treatment benefits, the rare and common adverse effects, and the specific therapeutic details of blood product preparation and delivery to best manage their patients.