LA and LV enlargement; defect may be directly visualized. Color Doppler demonstrates flow across the defect.
Treatment: Ventricular Septal Defect Fatigue and mild dyspnea are treated with diuretics and afterload reduction (Chap. 124. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale). Surgical closure is indicated if PF:SF >1.5:1 in absence of very high pulmonary vascular resistance. |