May also result from right ventricular MI, which should be suspected in inferior or posterior MI, if jugular venous distention and elevation of right-heart pressures predominate (rales are typically absent and PCW may be normal); right-sided ECG leads typically show ST elevation, and echocardiography may confirm diagnosis. Treatment consists of volume infusion. Noncardiac causes of hypotension should be considered: hypovolemia, acute arrhythmia, or sepsis.